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	Focus One was born in the fire of New York’s ghettos, the other on the thudding dancefloors of the city’s underground clubs. If there are two genres that define a generation’s coming of age, hip-hop and electronic dance music would fit the bill. From Algeria to New Zealand, youth have seized upon their rhythm and beat to express anger and aspiration, while spawning new creative projects. But as cultures of resistance and rebellion go global, do they lose their spirit to become the standard-bearers of consumption?
	Through Dogon eyes Long seen only through the lens of tourists, the Dogons have now started to photograph themselves. Seven young villagers record their own people’s gentle daily lives Text by Antonin Potovski, photos by Dogon youth. Antonin Potovski has been working as a photographer in Mali since 1996 and is preparing a book entitled Les cahiers dogons (“The Dogon Notebooks”). A forthcoming book prepared with Bernard Faucon, La Plus Belle Route du Monde (“The World’s Most Beautiful Road”), is soon to be published by POL. The following photographs are a selection from an exhibition taking place this fall at the French record store FNAC.
	Democracy in the light of dictatorship Alain Touraine, professor at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris.
	The wildlife trade: poacher or gamekeeper? The decision to strictly limit or outrightly ban trading in endangered species regularly puts governments and conservationists before a critical dilemma. Rolf Hogan, freelance writer on conservation issues.
	Kenya’s elephants: no half measures Even when strictly controlled, the ivory trade encourages elephant poaching and drives away tourists. Kenya’s position on the trade prevailed at the most recent CITES meeting. Joan Simba, Nairobi-based journalist.
	Cuba defends the turtleshell trade The protection of animal species is not necessarily incompatible with responsible commercial exploitation, says Cuba. Gerardo Tena, Havana-based journalist.
	Britain: sex education under fire The government’s blueprint to improve knowledge of sexual and reproductive health matters and reduce teenage pregnancy has sparked a virulent debate. Jon Slater, journalist with the Times Educational Supplement
	The Dutch model With the highest use of contraception among young people worldwide, the Netherlands has attracted international attention. Guus Valk, journalist based in the Netherlands, with additional reporting by the UNESCO Courier.
	Involve the young! For Dr Pramilla Senanayake, assistant director-general of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, young people hold the keys to improving the record on reproductive health. Interview by Cynthia Guttman, UNESCO Courier journalist.
	Embargo against Iraq: crime and punishment Concern is mounting about the suffering of the Iraqi people, and the ethics and legality of the international sanctions weighing on them are being hotly debated. Sophie Boukhari, UNESCO Courier journalist.
	Embargo generation Children are the first victims of the international sanctions against Iraq. More and more of them are living on the street in a country that has reverted to under-development. Josette Tagher Roche, editor of Enfants du monde, magazine of the French section of UNICEF.
	Toxins and the Taj India’s most celebrated monument continues to be threatened by pollution despite various court orders to close down harmful factories in Agra. T K Rajalakshmi, Delhi-based journalist with the Indian bi-weekly Frontline.
	Historic Lima gets a new heart Although not a metropolis every urban planner would dream of, Lima no longer has the dubious title of one of Latin America’s dirtiest and most polluted cities. Luis Jaime Cisneros, Lima-based freelance journalist.
	The South goes mobile Throughout the developing world, mobile phones are dramatically extending access to communications, but if they are to benefit the poorest, bold government policies are still required. Asbel Lopez, UNESCO Courier journalist.
	“Hello, I’m calling from Parulia...” A micro-credit programme set up by Grameen Bank enables rural villagers to acquire cell phones. For many, it means a break with poverty and isolation. Farid Ahmed, journalist based in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
	Quino, on the funny side of freedom “I don’t believe humour can alter anything, but sometimes it can be the little grain of sand that acts as a catalyst to change,” says Argentine cartoonist Joaquín Salvador Lavado, better known as Quino, who has been hailed as “the greatest Latin American cartoonist of the century.” Born in Mendoza in 1932, he never wanted to be anything but a cartoonist and has spent a lifetime at the drawing board. He won an international reputation with his Mafalda series, which shows the adult world as seen through the eyes of children. Its main character, an inquisitive girl who is always asking awkward questions and worries about world peace, has featured in ten books, which have been translated into over 20 languages and published in newspapers and magazines in many parts of the world. Burnt out by the pressure of having to come up with new ideas every week, Quino decided to stop drawing Mafalda in 1973, and spend more time on other projects that give free rein to the caustic humour that has always been his hallmark. Meticulously executed in black and white and packed with telling details, his drawings focus on power relationships, social inequalities and environmental degradation. In short, on all kinds of issues that, as he readily admits, “have nothing funny about them.” Interview by Lucía Iglesias Kuntz, UNESCO Courier journalist.