Workshop on Community based responses to coastal erosion
Cuba, 24-27th February 2004


Workshop participants

The objectives for the workshop entitled 'Community based responses to coastal erosion' were as follows:

(1) To share experiences between different Caribbean islands
2) To build local capacity and networking within and between the islands
(3) To promote concepts of community self-sufficiency

The workshop was organised by the Central Institute of Physical Planning, Directorate of Physical Planning of Havana Province and the Cuba UNESCO Office. Participants came from other agencies in Cuba including the Institute of Oceanology, CITMA, Instituto Pre Universitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas 'Ernesto Guevara', Santa Clara (Sandwatch partners), Investigaciones y Proyectos Hidraulicos Villa Clara. Overseas participants came from government agencies in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, San Andres Archipelago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. A list of participants is included in Annex 1.




Workshop sessions

The programme for the workshop is shown in Annex 2. After the opening ceremony, a presentation was made by Mr. Carlos Rodriguez describing the physical planning system in Cuba and how it works at the central, provincial, municipal and community levels. Extensive work has been done on the dangers and vulnerabilities of people living in the coastal zone, and various adaptations were outlined. Following this, a presentation was made by Mr. Daniel Bulgado Benavides, the teacher involved with the Sandwatch Project in Cuba and one of his students, Mr. Ernesto Ardisana Santana. The afternoon session was devoted to a presentation and discussions relating to the project on the south coast of Havana Province and the different ways the Directorate of Physical Planning for Havana Province was assisting coastal communities to cope with the problems of coastal erosion.


Mr. Ernesto Ardisana Santana telling the workshop
participants about Sandwatch activities

During the second day of the workshop participants visited two coastal communities on the south coast of Havana Province - Playa Mayabeque and Playa Rosario - to observe the coastal conditions and discuss various issues with coastal residents.


Community youth group reconstruct groynes at Playa Mayabeque


Workshop participants discussing the erosion at Playa Mayabeque

During the morning of the third day of the workshop, participants from the other Caribbean islands made presentations on how their islands were dealing with coastal erosion problems, especially at the community level. Presentations were made by:

Mr. Glenroy Touissant, Local Government ad Community Development Department, Dominica
Mr. Philmore James, Fisheries Department, Antigua and Barbuda
Ms. Giovanna Peñaloza, Corporation for the Sustainable Development of San Andres, Providence and Santa Catalina (CORALINA), Colombia
Mr. Peter Thomas, National Science and Technology Council, Grenada
Ms. Susanna Scott, Fisheries Department, St. Lucia
Ms. Gina Brooks, Department of Planning, Anguilla
Ms. Tatum Fisheries, Department of Environmental and Coastal Resources, Turks and Caicos Islands

In the afternoon of the third day participants divided into two groups to discuss 'Strategies to mitigate coastal erosion from a community standpoint,' and in particular the following topics:

  • From a community viewpoint in a small island territory, what factors have to be in place for a community to voluntarily abandon their settlement and retreat from the coast
  • If retreat is not an option, what actions can the community take in the short to medium term to mitigate the erosion or adapt to the change; and what information do they need to make the appropriate decisions
  • Ways to motivate a community to take action

The two groups presented their findings, which were later combined as follows:

  • From a community perspective, retreat or abandonment of a coastal settlement is only acceptable when all other options have been exhausted and failed, and relocation is the only option left. The retreat option cannot be undertaken by a community alone.
  • Alternative activities a community can take must be seen against a background of: (1) Diagnostic assessments of coastal areas to identify problems and their causes (2) Existing laws and regulations The most important action is to sensitise communities in the short and long term so that they fully understand the issues. Key local leaders will play a major role in the sensitisation process, which should focus on critical local groups in the community such as church groups, youth groups. Government and regulatory agencies such as ministries of community development and local government also need to be fully involved, since communities cannot operate alone. The sensitisation process will encourage and catalyse communities to undertake projects and activities such as: Planting trees, including mangroves, protecting and enhancing natural beach vegetation, beautification Beach clean-ups, placement and regular emptying of garbage receptacles Assisting with or undertaking the monitoring of beach changes Adopt a beach programmes Dune reconstruction projects Small-scale sea defence construction projects Through sensitisation and the implementation of some of these activities, communities will become watchdogs and voluntary inspectors for their areas able to work with surveillance agencies; they will also become potential lobbyists able to target decision-makers for further beach improvements.
  • Community motivation my be achieved through the following:
    • Fiscal incentives e.g. tax breaks
    • Popular theatre, drama, street theatre, cultural activities, carnival floats
    • Sharing experiences with peers: fishermen to fishermen, community to community, island to island
    • Acknowledgement of achievements
    • Students can use such activities in school work, CVs, and school-based assessment

On the fourth and final day of the workshop, short presentations were provided on the following projects, which provided a wider framework for the project being developed in this workshop. Short descriptions were provided of the following activities:

  • TIER II project to establish an MSc course in coastal zone management in Cuba shared among three Cuban universities and supported by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
  • United Nations Environment Programme - Global Programme of Action (UNEP-GPA) Sandy Beach Project (proposal)
  • Areas of expertise and experience in beach erosion mitigation at the Institute of Oceanology, Cuba
  • Training Center for Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Rehabilitation (proposal), Institute of Oceanology
  • Sustainable development in the wetlands on the northeast coast of Cuba

The basic outline of a project proposal had emerged from the previous day's discussions. This proposal was given the preliminary title: Building community resilience to coastal erosion in small islands. The final activity of the workshop focused on continuing the small group discussions to provide more substance to this preliminary project proposal. Three groups were formed and each was asked to work on one of the following subjects:

  • To identify a hypothetical coastal community with coastal erosion problems and to identify the activities of a potential field project
  • To discuss how community based projects could interact with other environment, development and planning projects at provincial and national levels
  • To further discuss a framework for potential guidelines that might emerge from the field projects

As a result of these discussions, the following project proposal has emerged.

Title: Building community resilience to coastal erosion in small islands

The project would have three main components: (1) Field projects:

A series of pilot (field) projects in different islands, all focusing on sensitisation of communities about beach erosion issues. The sensitisation would be combined with the implementation of specific activities e.g. tree planting, beach clean-ups, beautification, sand dune restoration, etc. These projects could build on existing activities, e.g. sand dune fences in Anguilla, Adopt-a-beach programmes in San Andres, reconstruction of groynes in Mayabeque, Cuba, Sandwatch-related activities with youth groups; as well as starting new activities. While all projects would include sensitisation, the particular activities undertaken would depend on a specific community's needs. The projects would run for a minimum of two years and could be organised by government agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community organisations or combinations of the above.

(2) Communications and networking: The projects would be linked using electronic discussion groups, email and an interactive website. Other facilities for interaction and communication should be included such as exchanges among project personnel from different projects, telephone discussions and telephone conference calls, video conferencing. Each project would develop its own communication plan using newspapers, radio and television to inform those inside and outside the project about their activities.

(3) Guidelines for building community resilience to coastal erosion: Based on the outcome of the field projects and the lessons learnt, a set of guidelines on ways to build community resilience to coastal erosion would be produced. These guidelines would cover the following topics:

Sensitisation, including short, medium and long term scenarios
Identification of key groups in the community
Education
Use of traditional knowledge
Training, e.g. in monitoring of beach changes
Sharing experiences with peers and developing a 'wise' practices model
Capacity building including formal and informal training
Involvement of government agencies at all levels
Provision of incentives to motivate communities
Development of small scale projects
Communications and publicity at all levels

The final recommendation of the workshop was to establish an electronic discussion group, composed of the workshop participants. The first task of this discussion group would be to comment on a draft project proposal (in English and Spanish), which would be circulated by the end of March.

The workshop was then closed with warm thanks and appreciation to the participants and the workshop organisers, and the reading of an original poem by the Sandwatch student representative Mr. Ernesto Ardisana Santana, entitled 'Reflections'.

Ayer?... Eso hace tiempo.
Mañana?...No nos es permitido saber.
Mañana puede ser muy tarde...

Para decir cuidemos, para decir nosotros podemos,
para decir limpiemos,
para decir que queremos intentar tener un mundo mejor

Nuestra ayuda, mañana, puede ser inútil
Nuestra preocupación por problemas ambientales,
Mañana puede no ser necesaria.

Porque mañana puede ser muy, muy tarde !

No dejemos el mañana para decir:
Esta flor es para ti y es de mi jardín!
Vamos hoy a limpiar las arenas de nuestra comunidad!
Perdón por echar basura ahí, en el mar...
en las costas... en las ciudades... en los campos!

No dejemos para mañana:
nuestro trabajo ecológico...Nuestro cariño por un lugar donde exista paz...Nuestros sueños de desarrollo sostenible...Nuestra preocupación por el Medio Ambiente.

No dejemos el mañana para preguntar:
En qué podemos ayudar?...aún tenemos oportunidad?
Saben que pueden contar conmigo?

Recuerda: Mañana puede ser tarde, muy tarde!
Busquemos!...Pidamos...Intentemos una vez más!

Solamente el "Hoy" es definitivo!


Annex 1

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Names Insititution Country Address E-mail and Fax
Gina Brooks
Planner Forward Planning
Department of Physical Planning Anguilla P.O.Box 60. The Valley, Anguilla. B.W.I

gina.brooks-hodge@gov.ai

Fax: +1 264 497 5924

Philmore James
Senior Fisheries Officer
Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Fisheries Antigua and Barbuda Perry Bay, St. John's, Antigua W.I.

fisheries@antigua.gov.ag

Fax: +1 268 462 1372

Giovanna Peñaloza Newball
Civil Engineer. Providence Office Coordinator
CORALINA Colombia Bight. Via San Luis, San Andrés Isla, Colombia.

Giovannapen@hotmail.com

Fax: +578 514 8552, +578 512 0081

Ernesto Fidel Ardisana Santana
Estudiante IPVCE Ernesto Guevara
Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas Ernesto Guevara, Santa Clara, Villa Clara Cuba Carretera de Camajuaní Km. 3½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara guevara@rimed.cu
Daniel Bulgado Benavides
Coordinador Proyecto UNESCO IPVCE Ernesto Guevara
Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas Ernesto Guevara, Santa Clara, Villa Clara Cuba Carretera de Camajuaní Km. 3½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara

guevara@rimed.cu

cheguevra@vcl.jovenclub.cu

Lic. Fara Carrera
Jefa de Proyecto
Dirección Provincial de Planificación Física- Instituto de Planificación Física, La Habana Cuba Castillo de Averhoff, Calzada de Managua Km 4 ½ Arroyo Naranjo C. Habana

faradppf@yahoo.com

Fax: + 537 990951

Perfecto Dipotet
Doctor en Ciencias Matemáticas
Inst. de Cibernética, Mate- mática y Física, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente Cuba Calle 15 e/ C y D, Plaza, Ciudad de la Habana perfecto@jcmf.inf.cu
Arq. Mirta Hernández González,
Vicepresidenta
Instituto de Planificación Física Cuba Lamparilla #65 e/ San Ignacio y Mercaderes, Habana Vieja

mirta@ipf.co.cu

Fax + 537 8665581

Arq. Elsa Mato Luis
Directora Provincial de Planificación Física,
Dirección Provincial de Planificación Física, La Habana Cuba Castillo de Averhoff, Calzada de Managua Km 4 ½ Arroyo Naranjo C. Habana

dppfhab@enet.cu

Fax: + 537 990951

Lic. Margoris Méndez Rodríguez
Lic. Geografía y Biología
Dirección Municipal de Planificación Física Melena del Sur Cuba Calle 28 # 3702 e/ 37 y 39, Melena del Sur, Habana margoris@dppfhab.cu
Carlos Manuel Rodríguez Otero
Msc Ciencias Geográficas
Instituto de Planificación Física Cuba Lamparilla #65 e/ San Ignacio y Mercaderes, Habana Vieja

carlos_manuel@ipf.co.cu

Fax: +537 8665581

Frank Ortiz UNESCO Cuba Office Cuba Havana f.ortiz@unesco.org.cu
Guillermo Rosell Castro
Master, Ing.
Empresa de Investigaciones y Proyectos Hidráulicos de Villa Clara Cuba Avenida Libertadora #201, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, CP 50400 eiphvc@enet.cu
Ernesto Tristá Barrera
Doctor en Ciencias Geográficas
Instituto de Oceanología Cuba 1ra. #18406, Reparto Flores, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana

costa@oceano.inf.cu

rperez@ama.cu

Glenroy Toussaint
Community Development Officer
Ministry of Community Development & Gender Affairs Dominica Morne Rachete, Commonwealth of Dominica

localgovt@cwdom.dm

Fax: + 1 767 448 4717

Peter A Thomas
Administrative Assistant Director
Science & Technology Council Grenada Tanteen, St. Georges, Grenada

nstc@caribsurf.com

Fax: +1 473 440 9292
Tel. +1 473 440 3118

Dra. Gillian Cambers University of Puerto Rico, Sea Puerto Rico P.O.Box 9011, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681

gilliancambers@aol.com

g_cambers@hotmail.com


Annex 2

COMMUNITY-BASED RESPONSES TO COASTAL EROSION
24-27 February 2004
Workshop programme

 

Tuesday 24th February 2004

10:00

Opening ceremony

Opening remarks: Mr. Frank Ortiz, Cuba UNESCO Office Background to the workshop: Dr. Gillian Cambers, UNESCO Consultant Welcome remarks: Arg. Mirta Hernandez Gonzalez, Vice President, Institute of Physical Planning

11:00-13:00

Background to physical planning and integrated coastal management in Cuba

Mr. Carlos Manuel Rodriquez Otero, Institute of Physical Planning

UNESCO-Sandwatch Project

Mr. Daniel Bulgado Benavides and Mr. Ernesto Ardisana Santana, Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas, Santa Clara

Lunch

14:30-18:00

Community-based erosion mitigation projects on the south coast of Havana Province: presentation and discussions

Ms. Fara Carreras Armenteros, Directorate of Physical Planning of Havana Province

Outline of the field trip to the south coast of Havana Province

 

Wednesday 25th February 2004

Field trip to south coast of Havana Province, including Playa Rosario and Playa Mayabeque

 

Thursday 26th February 2004

09:00 - 13:00

Community-based erosion mitigation activities in the Caribbean Islands

Presentations and discussion of case studies from Caribbean islands
Mr. Glenroy Touissant, Local Government ad Community Development Department, Dominica
Mr. Philmore James, Fisheries Department, Antigua and Barbuda
Ms. Giovanna Peñaloza, Corporation for the Sustainable Development of San Andres, Providence and Santa Catalina (CORALINA), Colombia
Mr. Peter Thomas, National Science and Technology Council, Grenada
Ms. Susanna Scott, Fisheries Department, St. Lucia Ms. Gina Brooks, Department of Planning, Anguilla Ms. Tatum Fisheries, Department of Environmental and Coastal Resources, Turks and Caicos Islands

Lunch

14:30 - 18:00

Small group discussion sessions on strategies to mitigate coastal erosion from a community viewpoint

Discussion topics:

    • From a community viewpoint in a small-island territory, what factors have to be in place to ensure a voluntary retreat from the coast?
    • If retreat is not a viable option in the short to medium term (1-10 years) what can a community do to mitigate the erosion or adapt to the change, and what information do they need to make the appropriate decisions
    • Ways to motivate a community to take action

Presentation of small groups' recommendations to the plenary group

 

Friday 27th February 2004

09:00 - 13:00

    Presentations on regional initiatives for networking

      • TIER II project
      • UNITWIN project
      • UNEP-GPA Sandy Beach Project by Institute of Oceanology
      • TIER II project to establish an MSc course in coastal zone management in Cuba shared among three Cuban universities and supported by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
      • United Nations Environment Programme - Global Programme of Action (UNEP-GPA) Sandy Beach Project (proposal) by Ernesto Trista
      • Areas of expertise and experience in beach erosion mitigation at the Institute of Oceanology, Cuba by Ernesto Trista
      • Training Center for Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Rehabilitation (proposal), Institute of Oceanology by Ernesto Trista
      • Sustainable development in the wetlands on the northeast coast of Cuba by Lamberto Alvarez Gil and Guillermo Rosell Castro

    Small group discussion sessions on networking and improving communications between islands

    Discussion topics:

      • To identify a hypothetical coastal community with coastal erosion problems and to identify the activities of a potential field project
      • To discuss how community based projects could interact with other environment, development and planning projects at provincial and national levels
      • To further discuss a framework for potential guidelines that might emerge from the field projects

    Presentation of small groups' recommendations to the plenary group

    Final session:

      • Summary of the recommendations and future actions