LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN


BRAZIL
Auteurs/Producteurs: Ministère de l'Education et des Sports, Brésil
Contact: M. Ruy Leite Berger Filho, Secretaria de Educacao média e tecnologia,

Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bl. L. 4º andar, CEP 70047 - 900, Brazilia DF

Titre: La Formation continue des enseignants
Langue: Portuguais
Date: 1995 (en phase d'expérimentation)
Niveau: Secondaire
Nature du matériel: Texte officiel
Objectif: Améliorer la formation continue des enseignants
Descripteurs: Curriculum development; teacher education; distance education

Résumé:
Le Ministère de l'Education et des Sports du Brésil nous informe que le Secrétariat de l'enseignement technologique est en train de renouveler le programme de formation des enseignants au niveau secondaire au moyen, inter alia, d'une stratégie d'enseignement à distance.

Ce nouveau programme comprend tous les aspects du tronc commun nécessaires pour aboutir à l'obtention d'un diplôme d'enseignant. Outre l'enseignement à distance, le programme utilise également des matériels imprimés. A la fin de la phase d'expérimentation actuellement en cours le projet fera l'objet d'une évaluation. Pendant une deuxième phase, des disciplines spécifiques à chaque programme d'enseignement seront incluses.


COLOMBIA
Authors/producing institution: Colegio de la Salle, Santafé de Bogotá
Contact Point: Alejandro Guriérrez, Profesor, Colegio de la Salle,

Calle 170 No. 28-10, Santafé de Bogota

Tel: 672-17.77

Title:
  1. Modelo de calidad total en y para el Colegio de la Salle: Programa de mejoramiento continuo para docentes
  2. Programa de Liderazgo
Language: Spanish
Date: 1994
Level: Secondary; teacher education
Type of Materials: Printed document; videos and methodological guide
Objective: Improve the quality of education
Descriptors: Curriculum development; teacher education; tolerance

Summary:

  1. Model of overall quality in and for the Colegio de la Salle: Programme of continuous teacher training (1994)

    Material in the form of a report presented to the Forum on Creativity in Teachers, organized by the Science and Technology Mission. Subsequently published in Colombian reviews and journals. This material describes a programme of in-service teacher training to improve the quality of education.

    In 1993, SEIRE (Educational Research Service) proposed a "Model of overall quality in and for the Colegio de la Salle" specifying the programme of continuous teacher training. The aims of the programme are:

    - to ensure that the in-house training teams become the permanent conduit for enablement and training;

    - build up an exemplary curriculum oriented by processes and centered on overall training of teachers in line with the objectives of the institute;

    - increase the levels of involvement and participation of the teachers expressed in the quality of suggestions carried out by the same teams;

    - increase the power and abilities of the teacher actualizing and enriching his knowledge and skills by optimizing interpersonal communication;

    - ensure that by means of team work and consensus the decision-making process is increasingly applied at the implementation level and thus breaking with individualist culture.

    This is an attempt by the College to establish a programme of overall quality throughout its structure, based on the hypothesis that 90% of problems are linked to the process and not to the teachers. The programme comprises four phases: an introductory planning phase with the team from SEIRE (define goals, specify methods) (1992-1993); the implementation phase (educate and train, carry out the work) including the production of a video; the assessment phase (evaluating the results of the work) (1994-1995); and the final phase where project reformulation will be carried out as necessary.

    Strategies used to evaluate the programme are: the application of TECLA (Organization and methods test) in 1995 which will be compared with the 1992 implementation; Quality of the PDCA presented by the teams taking part in the programme; the number of statistical tools applied to the teaching process in 1994 and 1995; the number of processes standardized by the end of 1994.

  2. Leadership programme (1994)

    A series of four videos whose objective is the development of leadership abilities in teachers and students as part of a programme of enablement in personal development and which use modern communication techniques in forming attitudes and behaviour. The first is in three parts, beginning with an Introduction to the programme by the lecturer (10 minutes). Then, in class with the students, the topic of the lecture is "You can change the past as well" (10 minutes). The third sequence, also in class with the students, is entitled "The facilitator". (10 minutes). (Video system is VHS/NTSC, colour, Spanish).

    These first three parts illustrating the programme particularly stress the importance of compassion and caring for other people.



Available from the College, or for consultation at UNESCO HQ (ED Sector)


COSTA RICA
Authors/producing institution: Ministerio de Educación Publica, San Jose
Contact Point: Secretary General, Costa Rica National Commission for UNESCO,

Apartado postal 393-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José

Tel: 24-4320; 25-5112; Fax: (506) 24-4320

Title: Programa de Estudios 1991
Language: Spanish
Date: 1991
Level: General secondary
Type of Materials: Printed booklets
Objective: Improve the quality of education to meet contemporary Costa Rican realities
Descriptors: Secondary school curriculum; civic education; social studies; peace education; democracy; tolerance

Summary:

The National Curriculum (1991)

In 1990 the Government of Costa Rica requested the Ministry of Education to reform the national curriculum to match the contemporary needs of the nation. In cooperation with education specialists, a curriculum was drafted for each compulsory subject area. This first defines the "Curriculum" as a document providing the basic orientations for teaching, to ensure that it responds to the educational needs of the country, region or educational institution, and sets out general curriculum guidelines applicable to all disciplines. Each programme must respond to four basic questions: "Why do we learn and teach?"; "What do we learn and teach?"; "How do we learn and teach?"; and "How can we determine the success in terms of learning?" Steps towards answering these questions, and the way in which the teaching-learning process should proceed, are set out in the three columns of Goals; Learning situations; Evaluation strategies.

Goals are the desired outcomes of the teaching-learning process (ability to think and reason, qualifications needed to prepare learners for the world of work, the psychomotor abilities, knowledge, attitudes and values which will equip them for individual and collective life).

Learning Situations are based upon these goals. They are the techniques, procedures and resources used by teachers and students in the teaching-learning process (i.e. the step-by-step planning of the student's learning experiences).

Evaluation strategies are very important components in teaching. Evaluation processes are suggested for each goal or objective in order to obtain immediate feedback. This implies opting for process or formative evaluation techniques, as well as those procedures enabling auto-evaluation and joint-evaluation.

At the end of secondary education, students should have achieved the set goals and objectives and learned how to acquire and apply notions or principles; analyze, seek solutions and solve problems; compare and relate; communicate, construct, coordinate, create and invent; demonstrate, describe, and discriminate; experiment, criticize and formulate hypotheses; know how to infer, interpret, observe and act; plan and organize, summarize, take decisions, evaluate and make value judgements.

For example: Social studies for upper secondary level

Goals

In Costa Rica, social studies are taught in conjunction with other subjects in the curriculum in order to orient the teaching-learning process towards shaping individuals who will have the knowledge, attitudes, values, and abilities required for life in a democratic society, and who, because of their education, can respond to the exigencies of socio-economic and political development. Social studies aim at inculcating respect for traditional, civic and religious values, acknowledging and honoring other cultures; at strengthening family ties and relationships with the school, and local, national and international communities. They also encompass the defence of human rights and solidarity with other cultures; the promotion of environmental awareness and safeguarding the natural resources of the planet, as well as teaching the principles of liberty, equality, solidarity, tolerance, and peace.

Conceptualization

Besides teaching history and geography at local, national or international levels social studies are designed to strengthen civic values and to stimulate reflection and the development of critical and creative attitudes, shaping individuals who can apply knowledge to reality and find solutions to both individual and societal problems.

Structure

Social studies are a discipline of the Social Sciences, based on methods of investigation and verification. The individual is deemed central to history, geography and civics, other social sciences contributing to strengthening the humanistic education of the learner.

Methodology

The teacher will use a variety of active and participatory methods and techniques to develop students capacities and abilities, providing them with the tools necessary to understand and interpret social, economic and political contexts. Activities take the form, for example, inter alia, of comparing Costa Rica's geographical situation with the rest of the world, investigating its geological evolution, making climatic comparisons and analyzing how its geography affects productive work and economic development; valorizing the rational use of natural resources, including legal implications, participating in actions to halt man's degradation of the environment; analyzing and comparing political and socio economic factors in the 19th and 20th centuries and those preceding the Second World War and effects on modern society; interpreting political, economic and social repercussions of the transformations of the world economy between in the last century on the American continent and in Costa Rica; analyzing the effects of the world energy crisis on the economic crisis in the country, etc.

A glossary of terms and their definitions is provided, as is a reading list.

Curriculum statements are available from the author institution for: Art, Civics, English, Family life and health, French, Maths, Technology, Philosophy, Psychology, Physics, Science, Social Studies and Spanish language and for consultation at UNESCO HQ (ED Sector)

(Also available: document prepared by the Ministry "Reglamento de Evaluacion y Normas de Promocion de la Educacion General Basica y de la educación diversificada academica y technica diurnas", 1993)


ECUADOR
Authors/producing institution: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura
Contact Point: Dr Luis Jaramillo, Instituto Técnico Superior Fisico Misional Alejandro Humbolt, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Isla San Cristóbal, Provincia de Galápagos
Title: Post Bachillerato en Turismo y Pesca
Language: Spanish
Date: 1992
Level: Higher Secondary
Type of Materials: Printed brochure
Objective: Respond to educational needs in the Province
Descriptors: Curriculum development; teacher education; environmental education; second language instruction; ethics

Summary:

Tourist and Fishing Industries Diploma Course (1992)

The Ministry of Education and Culture, and the National Directorate of Educational Planning, with financial assistance from UNESCO has, in the context of the project for Curriculum Development for the Galapagos Islands, elaborated a "Plan and Programme of Studies for the "Post-Bacillerato" in Tourist and Fishing Industries (post-secondary level). This specialization responds to the socio-economic exigencies of the province, in line with research results. The Ministry has entrusted its teaching to the "Alejandro Humbolt" Higher Technical Institute. The objective is to train technical professionals and to raise the educational level of the youth of the Galapagos by means of training them for the tourist and fishing industries. The 35 hour per week study plan covers the subjects of foreign languages, applied legislation, geography, ecology, accounting, financing, nautical aspects, computing, maritime security, tourist administration, tourist guide training, fisheries technology, refrigeration, professional ethics.

Foreign language teaching

Five hours per week for two years are devoted to teaching English, chosen because it is spoken widely, and is particularly useful for the tourist industry.

Objectives: Correct use of English appropriate to the tourist and fisheries industries; Communicate in English, both orally and in writing; Use the foreign language as a method of communication; Correctly present summaries of local and national realities.

Methodological recommendations: Replace the classical teaching units by the unit system; Practice conversational English as often as possible. Install and use language laboratories. Provide for an hour per week of German and French.

Ecology

Studied two hours per week for the two years. The Galapagos Islands are a natural milieu in which to study the interrelationships of the vegetable and animal communities where primitive species are conserved which have become extinct in most ecosystems in the developed world. Ecology will help the student to understand the importance of his environment.

Objectives: Protect the fragility of the island ecosystems. Adopt practical and positive attitudes towards degradation and contaminating agents. Use natural resources in harmony with development and conservation. Technologize ecology to avoid destructive impact of man.

Methodological recommendations: Teaching should be complemented with visits to areas of high population concentration in the islands to analyze development and its effects on the environment. The student should participate as a multiplier factor in the community. Communication will take place by means of educational exhibitions, wall charts, visits to schools and colleges and to institutions and workshops. The student will participate in and animate ecological clubs in each of the islands to support the work of protection of the Galapagos National Park.

Professional Ethics

Taught two hours per week in the second year in order to understand the social and political norms of professionals, through learning to live together and to act responsibly when serving others. Content of the programme covers norms of personal and social behaviour, group communication in single-group relationships and vice versa, and includes human, public and professional relations, as regulating elements of mature and balanced behaviour.

Objectives: Apply the concepts of professional ethics in all activities within an integrated vision of national and local reality. Harmonize interrelationships, in a spirit of mutual respect, whatever the functions.

Methodological Recommendations: Present the student with the overall doctrine of moral ethics. The student should have sufficient time to understand human relationships and collective social communication. Train the student in permanent evaluation techniques.

Available from the Ministry, or for consultation at UNESCO HQ (ED Sector)


JAMAICA
Authors/producing institution: Government of Jamaica/World Bank
Contact point: National Coordinator, ROSE Project, Ministry of Education and Culture,

2 National Heroes Circle, PO Box 498, Kingston, Jamaica

Title: Reform of Secondary Education (ROSE) Project
Language: English
Level: Junior, then senior, secondary
Date: First phase of the reform: 1993-1998
Type of Materials: Printed documents
Objective: Reform of secondary education
Descriptors: Curriculum development; secondary school curriculum; language instruction; social studies

Summary:

The Reform aims to improve access, quality and equity in secondary education for all students in Grades 7-9 (first phase) and for students in grades 10 and 11 (second phase).

Selected strategy: to create a Junior High School or Department in every school with Grade 7 - 9 students and offers a core curriculum, because this strategy directly addresses all the problems inherent in the system.

Form: A packet of six draft outlines making up one national curriculum for all students in grades 7-9 which will eventually be taught in every kind of secondary school. The core curriculum will consist of six subjects: Language Arts; Mathematics; Science; Social Studies; Career Education (new) and Resource & Technology (new).

Content will be identical for all students, but learning activities will vary to suit the four different levels of ability identified for 7th grade entrants (Foundation One: 5 + grades below reading level; Foundation Two: 2 + grades below reading level (one type of literacy and reading materials (ODA See Schools Test Project); Normative: 6th or 7th grade level; Enrichment: 7th or above (OSA HIRLAP Project - High Interest Locally Produced Reading Materials).

Relevant instructional materials will be available to schools and textbooks provided on a rental basis. There will be pre-service and in-service training for teachers and a new 9th year assessment test to measure students achievement. The number of schools selected for introduction of the new curriculum will increase yearly, additional schools being able to join voluntarily. The new multi-level curriculum is task-oriented, the teacher being a facilitator and guide. Principle supports are teacher's guides, instructional materials, a curriculum guide and teacher's manual.

The new Language arts curriculum stresses reading, writing, listening, speaking, research, language being integrated across all curricula using standard English (as measured by the CEE common entrance exam), but also Jamaican Creole.

The new Social studies curriculum covering History, Social Psychology, Political Science, Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Geography is designed to encourage reflective thinking skills, legal and ethical reasoning, problem solving with different overall headings for each grade: Living Together; Working Together; Growing Together.

The new subject of Resource & Technology is to be found in Agriculture, Arts and Crafts, Industrial Arts, Home Economics, Business Education. Problem-solving is emphasized, including use of resources from the "natural environment".

Results: At the end of the 1st phase it is expected that 6,800 teachers will have received training and 28,000 students will have benefited from the new programme.

Materials available from the Coordinator, and for consultation at UNESCO Headquarters, and the UNESCO Office in Kingston.


MEXICO
Authors/producing institution: Secretaría de Educación Publica, Dirección General de Materiales y Métodos Educativos de la Subsecretaría de Educación Básica y Normal
Contact Point: Profr. Salvador Carreño, R. Fray Servando Teresa de Mier no. 127, Col. Centro, 06020 México DF.

Tel & Fax: 420 62 75

Title:
  1. Plan y programas de estudio. Educación basica secundaria
  2. Libro para el Maestro: Educacion Secundaria. Español, Matemáticas, Inglés, Francés, Biología, Física,Geografía
Language: Spanish
Date: 1993; 1994
Level: Secondary education
Type of Materials: Book; Illustrated Textbooks
Objective:
  1. Inform teachers, parents and school authorities about the national curriculum for secondary education, and the syllabi of subjects constituting it
  2. Help teachers improve the quality of their teaching
Descriptors: Secondary school curriculum; teacher education; language instruction, second language instruction

Summary:

  1. Plan and study programmes. Basic secondary education (1993)

    This document contains directives for secondary education courses in public and private schools belonging to the National Education System. The first part comprises an introduction and references to the curriculum; it is followed by the objectives and content of the subjects comprised therein: Spanish, Mathematics, Biology, Introduction to Physics and Chemistry, Physics, Chemistry, History, Geography, Civics, Second language instruction and Educational guidance.

  2. Teacher's manual: Secondary Education: For Spanish, Mathematics, English, French, Biology, Physics and Geography (1994)

    Support material for all secondary school teachers throughout the country, in order to improve the quality of basic education. Each illustrated textbook sets out in detail the contents of the corresponding subject, with a view to modernizing and improving teacher's theory and practice.




MEXICO
Authors/producing institution: Direccion de Educacion Secundaria, Unidad de Actividades Académicas
Contact Point: Prof. Salvador Carreño, R.Fray Servando Teresa de Mier No. 127, Col Centro, 06020 México, DF.

Tel & Fax: 420 62 75

Title:
  1. Programas de Estudio de Actividades Tecnológicas
  2. La evaluación permanente de los alumnos de educación secundaria:

    (a) Generalidades;

    (b) Matemáticas, Español, Inglés, Biología, Física y Química, Historia, Geografía, Civismo y Educación Tecnológica

  3. Reencuentro con la Naturaleza
  4. El Mito
  5. Museos de la Cuidad de México
  6. Cuentos inéditos de adolescentes
  7. Programa de la Materia Optativa de 3er. Grado de Educacion Secundaria. Educación Ambiental
Language: Spanish
Date: 1994
Level: Secondary education
Type of Materials: Booklets, one for each subject, some of which are illustrated
Objective: Provide instructional materials to teachers to help them improve the quality of their teaching practice; make known the literary creativity of secondary school pupils having participated in a writing competition (6)
Descriptors: Secondary school curriculum; curriculum development; art education; computer uses in education; educational evaluation; environmental education; literature; language instruction; history education; intercultural education.

Summary:

  1. Curriculum for Technological activities (1994)

    The objective is to provide educational technology teachers with programmes which respond to their speciality, in conformity with the National Curriculum. The contents of each brochure conform to the programme of one of 13 activities contained in the National Curriculum for secondary education. Each brochure comprises: an introduction, the objectives of the course, programme content, a chronology and a bibliography. A brochure has been prepared for each of the following special subjects: Graphic Arts, Plastic Arts, Needlework, Carpentry, Computing, Dressmaking, Interior Decoration, Electronics, Metal work, Machine tools, Car maintenance, Nutrition, etc.

  2. On-going assessment of secondary education students (1994)

    The objective is to enable teachers to use new and improved teaching practice to reduce the routine inherent in oral, written and rote learning. Documents (a) of a general nature and (b) subject specific, have been prepared with a view to improving teaching practice, and which also relate to on-going assessment of secondary education students:

    (a) The general document emphasizes the importance of continuous assessment as a necessary practice in secondary schools so as to offer a better educational service

    (b) Subject specific documents : Mathematics, Spanish, English, Biology, Physics and Chemistry, History, Geography, Civic education, Education and Technology. Each brochure presents a set of behavioural characteristics of students, considered of great educational value in the context of learning programmes.

  3. Nature Studies (1994)

    The general objective is to provide the nature studies teacher with materials to enrich his teaching practice. This specially prepared brochure contains stories of an ecological nature to encourage students to voice their opinions, and their criticisms, which will help them to think about the value of and their attitudes towards their natural and social environments.

  4. Myths (1994)

    In order to provide teachers who teach the second course in Spanish with another resource, to improve educational quality, educational, methodological support material has been prepared for the 1993 Curriculum. Texts about the mythical world of the "Zapoteca" culture, are used as a variety of exercises for learners, the objective of which is to promote understanding of text and the concept of "Myth", as well as to awaken interest in and raise awareness of esthetic aspects and of cultural identity.

  5. Museums of Mexico City (1994)

    This pedagogical guideline for history teaching is a supplement to the history curriculum so as to provide the teacher with an educational resource to teach history, by means of cultural visits to sites of historical, artistic and geographical interest. The booklet contains suggestions on how to successfully carry out a guided tour of a museum, with the objective of ensuring the more active and lively learning situations for the students. It also offers basic information about 21 museums, as well as a guide to services provided by each of them.

  6. Original stories written by teenagers (1994)

    This anthology of nine original stories written by secondary school pupils having participated in a Regional Writing Competition has been published by the "Departamento de Operación" and distributed to Spanish teachers as an additional resources to help them in their teaching practice.

  7. Optional programme at 3rd grade secondary education: environmental education (1994)

    This document, produced by the Subdirección de Apoyo Técnico Complementario, is part of the secondary education curriculum. It sets out the objectives and contents of the environmental education programme as a multidisciplinary subject with a which seeks to develop the learner's understanding, critical thinking and responsible behaviour in respect to problems of environmental degradation.



Available from the contact point or for consultation at UNESCO HQ


PARAGUAY
Authors/producing institution: Ministerio de Educación y Culto, Asuncion
Contact Point: Jorge Méndez Rheineck, Secretario General, Comisión Nacional paraguaya de Cooperación con la UNESCO, Iturbe y Manuel Dominguez, Edificio Sudamerica, 4to piso, Asuncion, Paraguay

Tel: (595-21) 444.503; Fax: (595-21)444.503

Title: Delineamientos Curriculares para el Sistema de Formación Docente (Versión para validar)
Language: Spanish
Date: 1994
Level: Teacher Training
Type of Materials: Guide
Objective: Improve the quality of education, bearing in mind social equity and in conditions of freedom and democracy
Descriptors: Curriculum development: teacher education; intercultural education; universal education; tolerance; democracy

Summary:

Curricular Guidelines for the Teacher Training System (pilot version) (1994)

The guidelines set out the bases, principles and characteristics of the new Teacher Training System in Paraguay, developed to respond to the country's new educational philosophy, and to the need to modernize the teacher training curriculum, taking into account new school curricula. They are drafted to align with the finalities and general objectives of the overall educational system: inter alia, to improve the quality of life, enhance comprehension, peace and solidarity between nations, provide equal opportunities for men and women, promote democracy, responsibility and educational pertinence in a pluritechnical and pluricultural society.

The guidelines describe the four-level structure of the new Teacher Training System (Initial teacher training; Continuous teacher training; Specialization; Vocational or professional training). The aim is to produce qualified teachers, sensitive to environmental and cultural issues, able to solve problems, working towards promoting democracy, peace, tolerance and solidarity, able to innovate to improve quality of teaching and learning.

This structure is built up around four basic nuclei, within which disciplinary areas are integrated: General Basic Training (first nucleus, 1st year) and Further training (second nucleus, 2nd and 3rd years) cover Education and Natural Sciences, Education and Society, Aesthetic Education, Education Practice. Specialization (third nucleus, 4th year) includes teaching practice pedagogical projects, along with curriculum seminars, specific training and more research. The fourth nucleus, which is the fundamental nucleus, is a transverse theme cutting across the whole curriculum and covering democracy and human rights, family education and environmental education.

The syllabus for all student teachers includes philosophy, biology, psychology, social studies, (history, geography, ethics and civics) educational sociology, educational sciences, language, (communication skills), maths, the arts (plastic arts, music, Paraguayan dance and theater to develop sensitivity, creativity and social skills), health education (quality of life, social and community issues, alcoholism, drug abuse, child abuse, Aids, STD etc), physical education, science and technology education, and educational guidance.

Also included is a new topic of "Curriculum" as an area of study, and an applied discipline made up of a series of proposals about an object of study. Within this topic, students are offered the possibility to study philosophical foundations, society and cultural components, process and educational experiences transforming the student teacher into a researcher capable of translating theory into practice. In the two years foreseen for the development of the discipline, work will concentrate on thematic blocks, such as modern educational theory, its philosophical, anthropological and axiological bases, modern curriculum trends and principles, educational psychology and its links with the development and learning processes, school and curricular development, evaluation of educational programmes, curricular projects and didactic processes.

This text gives guidance on methodology which, along with strategies and techniques should be participative. It advocates the workshop as a method of learning permitting students to establish a dynamic relationship between theory and practice, offering the future teacher the possibility to be a subject of his own learning and creativity. It concludes with advice on evaluation, and a recommended timetable for the implementation of the teacher training curriculum.

Available from the Ministry of Education, or for consultation at UNESCO Headquarters.


TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Authors/producing institution: UNESCO Associated Schools Project, C/o Trinidad and Tobago National Commission for UNESCO,

8 Elizabeth Street, St. Clair, Trinidad W.1.

Tel and Fax: 809. 622. 0939.4

Contact Person: Sandra Gift, Secretary General and National Coordinator, UNESCO Associated Schools Project
Title: "A Concern for Peace": Curriculum developed in the context of the Interregional Project to Enhance the Multiplier Effect of the UNESCO Associated Schools Project"
Language: English
Date: 1992
Level: Secondary school students
Type of Materials: Document
Objective: Shape positive attitudes and values towards social problems
Descriptors: Secondary school curriculum; environmental education; intercultural education; tolerance; human rights education
Summary:

This curriculum, developed in the context of the Interregional Project to Enhance the Multiplier Effect of the UNESCO Associated Schools Project", covers the three themes of "Man and the Environment", "Culture", "Human Rights and the United Nations". It is considered to be exemplary because a grass roots approach was taken to its development.

Lessons were developed by a group of teachers in different subject areas who act as coordinators for the UNESCO Associated Schools Project in Trinidad and Tobago. Geared towards the multicultural context of the country, the curriculum contains games developed by the teachers and provides for group work, as well as the development of students' research and analytical skills. Content focuses on the physical and social environment of Trinidad and Tobago, while making references at times to the international community. The curriculum is learner centered with a method of instruction that is not didactic. Opportunities are also provided for enjoyment and for the development of students' creative abilities (use of songs, role play, and poetry, etc). Whilst curriculum design seeks to focus on activities and experience, it also focuses on humanistic elements, through its attempts to shape positive attitudes and values with regard to social problems, such as the environment, multi-culturalism and race relations, peace and human rights. Objectives are relevant to the school system, while focusing in some depth on areas not given priority at school.

The curriculum serves as resource material for Associated Schools Project coordinators. It is currently being tried out in a randomly selected number of secondary schools in the country to determine which factors facilitate or prevent the effective implementation of the curriculum, as well as its impact on the attitudes of students and teachers in relation to the values associated with the themes explored, with a view to its dissemination within the wider education system.

Two videos have also been produced: "Trinidad and Tobago Building the Future (1990), has been used in Associated Schools to introduce the various themes of the Curriculum. The second video focuses on the contribution of the Queen's Park Savannah to the health and well-being of the citizens of Port-of-Spain and has been adopted as the country's contribution to the proposed "Associated Schools Environment" film.

Available from the author, and for consultation at UNESCO HQ (ED Sector)




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