Brazil: Report: Part II: Analytic Section: cont. 2

The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports
Brazil

Early Childhood Education

1 - Changes in initial enrolment by type of Institution. School Census - 1997 through 1999

Unit of the Federation	Initial Enrolmen in Pre-School Programs
	1997					1998					1999
	Total	Federal	State	Municipal	Private	Total	Federal	State	Municipal	Private	Total	Federal	State	Municipal	Private
Brasil	4,292,208	2,025	606,858	2,695,893	987,432	4,111,120	1,380	396,361	2,725,755	987,624	4,230,243	1,025	379,927	2,799,427	1,049,864
North	325,400	534	127,159	144,782	52,925	299,009	549	87,716	161,642	49,102	297,916	393	75,587	165,433	56,503
Rondônia	33,206	0	13,930	12,356	6,920	31,977	0	12,054	11,833	8,090	30,715	0	10,724	11,890	8,101
Acre	14,017	26	9,027	3,947	1,017	13,890	26	9,127	3,475	1,262	17,219	27	11,705	4,056	1,431
Amazonas	42,046	0	10,214	19,299	12,533	42,814	0	7,786	24,395	10,633	42,140	0	740	27,282	14,118
Roraima	12,296	76	8,589	2,460	1,171	13,644	29	9,445	2,726	1,444	13,734	0	9,201	2,929	1,604
Pará	173,224	432	59,285	88,388	25,119	148,324	454	27,714	98,947	21,209	145,237	366	24,933	96,532	23,406
Amapá	21,456	0	15,447	3,507	2,502	18,551	0	10,439	5,205	2,907	16,743	0	6,333	6,918	3,492
Tocantins	29,155	0	10,667	14,825	3,663	29,809	40	11,151	15,061	3,557	32,128	0	11,951	15,826	4,351
Northeast	1,407,013	641	210,198	820,702	375,472	1,283,513	259	119,510	789,499	374,245	1,268,839	229	106,382	783,971	378,257
Maranhão	247,436	0	31,319	152,899	63,218	224,642	0	26,847	142,130	55,665	205,877	0	21,515	140,048	44,314
Piauí	89,628	10	29,082	40,519	20,017	81,825	119	23,641	38,966	19,099	81,834	85	24,878	38,284	18,587
Ceará	271,727	0	9,658	170,821	91,248	243,795	0	3,065	149,155	91,575	251,474	0	1,063	149,725	100,686
R. G. do Norte	73,414	173	6,847	48,282	18,112	93,273	0	6,967	57,386	28,920	91,554	0	5,989	53,162	32,403
Paraíba	88,451	38	13,717	51,662	23,034	97,742	38	20,957	54,966	21,781	98,223	30	20,943	55,977	21,273
Pernambuco	155,129	140	5,096	87,751	62,142	152,758	0	2,529	90,251	59,978	145,201	87	1,991	81,694	61,429
Alagoas	64,601	74	7,427	41,226	15,874	56,272	75	2,843	37,980	15,374	52,262	0	1,656	37,171	13,435
Sergipe	79,114	0	19,015	46,839	13,260	81,985	0	21,412	47,970	12,603	82,112	0	21,641	48,002	12,469
Bahia	337,513	206	88,037	180,703	68,567	251,221	27	11,249	170,695	69,250	260,302	27	6,706	179,908	73,661
Southeast	1,840,383	196	86,845	1,378,625	374,717	1,821,062	219	52,017	1,389,755	379,071	1,896,971	171	48,518	1,431,045	417,237
Minas Gerais	445,283	196	29,121	324,531	91,435	420,490	171	11,722	316,569	92,028	439,072	171	11,666	319,754	107,481
Espírito Santo	86,772	0	24,262	48,627	13,883	78,222	0	7,537	57,396	13,289	81,821	0	3,356	64,830	13,635
Rio de Janeiro	269,203	0	33,462	120,719	115,022	267,772	48	32,758	122,093	112,873	286,401	0	33,392	130,545	122,464
São Paulo	1,039,125	0	0	884,748	154,377	1,054,578	0	0	893,697	160,881	1,089,677	0	104	915,916	173,657
South	493,218	614	104,768	276,558	111,278	493,268	353	83,551	296,373	112,991	535,433	192	93,047	322,820	119,374
Paraná	182,030	202	7,519	118,272	56,037	191,049	0	5,267	128,306	57,476	209,339	23	4,433	141,308	63,575
Santa Catarina	154,297	412	35,452	90,086	28,347	145,882	353	16,639	99,430	29,460	157,301	169	26,621	100,365	30,146
R. G. do Sul	156,891	0	61,797	68,200	26,894	156,337	0	61,645	68,637	26,055	168,793	0	61,993	81,147	25,653
Mid-West	226,194	40	77,888	75,226	73,040	214,268	0	53,567	88,486	72,215	231,084	40	56,393	96,158	78,493
M. G. do Sul	48,380	0	13,233	21,800	13,347	38,268	0	1,699	24,186	12,383	42,666	0	1,913	28,998	11,755
Mato Grosso	49,025	0	17,097	22,087	9,841	40,701	0	5,170	26,472	9,059	39,705	0	1,510	29,262	8,933
Goiás	78,503	40	24,987	31,339	22,137	85,809	0	25,773	37,828	22,208	95,930	40	30,152	37,898	27,840
Federal District	50,286	0	22,571	0	27,715	49,490	0	20,925	0	28,565	52,783	0	22,818	0	29,965

Source: Ministry of Education/ INEP /SEEC

In this sense, the negative growth of enrollments represents a painful but necessary adjustment in the division of resources between the various levels of education and implies no reduction in the service rendered to the age groups under consideration.

The data presented in Table 18 relating to the distribution of children in pre-school programs by age group indicate the age/grade gap and its gradual correction in the course of time. They also reveal that in 1996 a reasonable portion of children of 7 or over were covered by pre-school programs. This was a sign that in the following years there would be - as indeed there was - a decrease in enrollments in that level of education, affecting older children who moved on to primary education. For the educational policy, this represents a challenge to regain the gross rate of previous coverage and to stimulate further growth.

In the case of pre-school programs, the indicators show a better distribution of enrollments between the rural and urban areas than in the other levels of education. As a matter of fact, although the percentage of enrollments in the rural area is much lower than in the urban and has actually declined since 1996, one must take into account the continuous reduction of the rural population throughout this entire period. Between 1991 and 1996, years in which IBGE data were available to the Ministry of Education, the relative participation of the rural population fell from 24.4% to 21.6%. In the same period, however, enrollment in both levels rose 25.6%, a bigger growth than the 16.4% registered for children in the urban area (Table 19).