Russian Federation: Report: Part I: Descriptive Section: cont. 1

The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports
Russian Federation

Table 6.

Distribution of number of the engaged men and women by educational level *

(in percentage of total)

	In total							Including
	In total							Men							Women
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1992		1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1992		1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Engaged population - total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100
Among them having education:
higher professional	16,3	17,2	18,1	18,4	18,8	20,1	15,3		15,6	16,8	17,0	17,3	18,4	17,4		18,5	19,6	20,1	20,5	22,0
secondary professional	31,3	32,0	32,2	33,0	33,3	32,7	26,0		26,7	26,9	27,7	28,2	28,0	37,0		37,4	38,2	39,1	39,0	37,7
secondary (complete) general	33,9	33,1	34,0	34,3	35,0	34,6	37,1		36,4	37,4	38,8	38,0	38,4	30,5		29,9	30,0	29,9	30,6	30,5
basic general	15,0	14,6	13,4	12,4	11,4	10,3	17,6		17,6	16,1	14,9	13,8	12,4	12,2		11,8	10,4	9,5	8,8	8,1
Not having basic general education	3,5	3,1	2,3	1,9	1,6	2,3	4,0		3,7	2,8	2,4	1,9	2,8	2,9		2,4	1,8	1,4	1,1	1,7

* 1992 - 1995, 1997. - on the end of October, 1996 - on the end of March

Table 7.

Number of unemployed *

	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
	Thousands people
Aggregate number of the unemployed **	3578,8	3954,8	5433,5	6410,4	6732,4	8058,1
among them
Students, pupils, retirees	708,3	558,4	528,4	521,8	484,7	617,9
	In percentage
Aggregate number of the unemployed **	100	100	100	100	100	100
among them
Students, pupils, retirees	19,7	14,1	9,7	8,1	7,2	7,7

* 1992 - 1995, 1997. - on the end of October, 1996 - on the end of March.
** The aggregate number of the unemployed is given according to the methodology of International Labor Organization

Table 8.

Distribution of the unemployed population by age groups*

(in percentage of total)

	In total						Including
	In total						Men								Women
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997		1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1992		1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Unemployed total	100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100
including in the age of
under 20	15,5	13,6	11,6	10,2	10,3	9,2		14,7	11,8	9,5	8,3	8,8	7,9	16,4		15,3	14,2	12,5	12,0	10,7
20 - 24	15,8	16,8	16,2	17,9	18,0	17,4		17,1	18,6	17,2	18,0	17,8	17,9	14,3		14,9	15,1	17,7	18,4	16,7
25 - 29	11,6	11,9	11,3	12,7	12,9	12,7		12,1	12,4	11,7	13,2	13,0	13,1	11,0		11,4	10,9	12,3	12,6	12,2
Middle age	34,2	33,9	34,2	33,9	33,7	34,0		33,9	33,8	34,5	34,2	34,2	34,3	34,5		34,0	33,8	33,5	33,0	33,7

* 1992 - 1995, 1997. - on the end of October, 1996 - on the end of March.

Table 9.

Distribution of unemployed population by educational level *

(in percentage of total)

	In total							Including
	In total							Men							Women
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1992		1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1992		1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Unemployed all	100	100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100	100
Among them have education:
higher professional	10,6	10,3	10,5	9,2	8,2	9,0	8,6		8,3	9,4	8,2	6,9	7,7	12,7		42,4	11,7	10,4	9,8	10,6
uncompleted higher professional	3,1	3,0	2,4	2,2	2. ¹	2,2	3,3		3,1	2,5	2,4	4,2	2,4	2,9		3,0	2,4	2,0	2,2	2,1
secondary professional	27,2	39,1	28,7	28,6	29,4	27,7	22,2		24,3	23,5	23,3	24,6	23,0	32,4		34,0	34,7	35,0	35,0	33,2
secondary (complete) general	37,2	36,5	38,5	41,4	41,4	41,5	40,5		39,4	40,7	43,9	43,5	44,0	33,9		33,5	36,0	38,4	38,8	38,5
basic general	19,2	19,0	18,1	17,1	17,5	16,3	22,6		22,3	21,7	20,5	20,9	18,7	15,6		15,5	14,0	13,1	13,5	13,5
Have no basic general	2,7	2,1	1,8	1,5	1,2	3,3	3,0		2,6	2,2	1,7	1,7	4,2	2,5		1,6	1,2	1,1	0,7	2,1

* 1992 - 1995, 1997. - on the end of October, 1996 - on the end of March.

Table 10.

Job-finding of population by bodies of the state employment service *

(thousands people)

	Have addressed on job-finding	Have provided a job	In percentage of the addressed number
Number of citizens looking for job,
1992	2437,6	724,7	29,7
1993	2283,4	883,2	38,7
1994	3708,5	1195,7	32,2
1995	5122,4	2217,9	43,3
1996	5279,8	2290,3	43,4
1997	4499,0	2406,0	52,3
Including: students, wishing to work at leisure time
1992	63,5	40,4	63,6
1993	64,2	50,0	77,9
1994	224,6	197,1	87,8
1995	849,1	806,1	94,9
1996	713,7	685,3	96,0
1997	689,7	663,4	96,2

* By the data of the Ministry of Work and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The basic negative tendencies emerged since 1992, are [31, 32, 33, 36]:

cutting of the gross domestic product caused by production falling;
cutting of the state budget expenditure item, decrease of granting on social sphere, including education;
falling of the living standard and life quality of an overwhelming part of the population, appearance and increasing of unemployment (registered and hidden);
increase of social stratification, sharp stratification of the population (including families) by the income level;
intensifying of inequality in living standard and life quality of the population depending on territory of residence (subjects of Federation - "donors" of the budget and subsidized territories).

Demographic conditions

Aggravation a of well-being standard of an overwhelming part of population of the country could be but reflected in a demographic situation. Let's cite a number of the statistical data necessary for the analysis of demographic situation in the country [31, 32, 33, 34].

Table 11.

Basic demographic indicators

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Population number *, thousands people
available - total	148041	148543	148704	148673	148366	148306	147976	147502	147105
urban	109239	109799	109672	108920	108462	108337	108121	107793	107529
rural	38802	38744	39032	39753	39904	39969	39855	39709	39576
resident - total	147662	148164	148826	148295	147997	147938	147609	147137	146740
urban	108772	109332	109209	108458	108010	107887	107671	107347	107083
rural	38890	38832	39117	39837	39987	40051	39938	39790	39657
among total number of resident population - population in the age of, thousands people:
younger than employable	36098	35993	35720	35199	34534	33948	33203	32300	31367
employable**	83942	83976	83892	83748	83767	84059	84209	84337	84786
higher than employable	27622	28195	28714	29348	29696	29931	30197	30500	30587
Were born	13,4	12,1	10,7	9,4	9,6	9,3	8,9	8,6
Natural increase, decrease (-) of population	2,2	0,7	-1,5	-5,1	-6,1	-5,7	-5,3	-5,2
Migratory Increase of population	1,1	0,3	1,2	2,9	5,5	3,4	2,3	2,4

* The data are given according to estimation on January 1 of appropriate year.
** Men aged 16 - 59, women aged 16 - 54.

Table 12.

Distribution of population by age groups*

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
All population, thousands people	147662	148164	148326	148295	147997	147938	147609	147137	146740
Including in the age of:
0 - 4	11730	11300	10624	9759	8841	8192	7585	7091	6748
5 - 9	11604	11779	12049	12205	12079	11840	11463	10778	9916
10 - 14	10696	10815	10891	11103	11437	11724	11920	12191	12354
15 - 19	10132	10237	10382	10453	10613	10768	10892	10956	11182
20 - 24	9557	9492	9509	9710	9922	10166	10317	10476	10527

* For 1990 - 1998 - resident population.