“Our rich diversity . . . is our collective strength.” (Johannesburg Declaration, 2002)

Education must respect diversity. The values, knowledge, languages and world views associated with culture predetermine the way issues of education for sustainable development are dealt with in specific national contexts. ESD aims at promoting teaching which respects indigenous and traditional knowledge, and encourages the use of indigenous languages in education and the integration of worldviews and perspectives on sustainability into education programmes at all levels.

The preservation of cultures is linked to economic development. Tourism and cultural industries can run the risk of commodifying culture for outsiders. Cultures must be respected as the living and dynamic contexts within which human beings find their values and identity.

Indigenous knowledge

Local knowledge and languages are repositories of diversity and key resources in understanding the environment and in using it to the best advantage. They foster and promote local cultural specificities, customs and values. Indigenous knowledge is also important for the social and economic dimensions of sustainability.