Lifelong learning is the fourth dynamic. Knowledge-intensive societies call for opportunities to upgrade skills and learn new ones. Higher education systems are being challenged to become more flexible in terms of entry and exit, to recognize qualifications gained through work experience and to develop new programmes adapted to changing social and economic needs. This involves partnerships to forge closer links with the world of work and help to bridge the mismatch between supply and demand for higher-level skills. The reality of graduate unemployment, although influenced by larger economic trends, calls for a reassessment of study programs in light of future growth areas and national development needs.