Diversification is the second dynamic at work, created by rising demand, globalization and new information and communication technologies. More complex, competitive systems are emerging, with a variety of institutions, providers and differentiated approaches. Cross-border provision is expanding rapidly. Private higher education is the fastest growing sub-sector worldwide. In this context, regulation and quality assurance  are essential to guide policy development and protect students from fraudulent and low quality providers, many of which offer costly online courses. This is an area for global collaboration. UNESCO has developed guidelines with OECD for quality provision in cross-border higher education. To help students make informed decisions and to protect them from misleading information, UNESCO has set up an information portal on higher education institutions that currently inventories some 30 countries and has developed with the Council on Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) from the USA a Statement on International Effective Practice to combat Degree Mills.