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| Biosphere Reserve Information | ||||
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CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA |
 © Photo: Proyecto Prociénaga - GTZ |
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| General Description | The Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta Biosphere Reserve is located in the northern part of Colombia, not far from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Biosphere Reserve. Ciénaga Grande is one of the largest coastal wetlands in Latin America, including both coral reefs and mangroves. It comprises Isla de Salamanca National Park, and the Flora and Fauna Sanctuary of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. The site lies at the interface between fresh and brackish water, shallow bays and deeper coastal waters thus creating a complex of habitats supporting a high diversity of flora and fauna. The alluvial prairies of recent origin inside the primitive delta of the Magdalena River include mud banks type formations, lagoons and channels with large mangrove associations, saw grass marshes and flooded and non-flooded forests. Some 200 people live in the Ciénaga Biosphere Reserve, engaged in fisheries, cattle grazing, banana and African palm plantations, and horticulture. These practices had affected some hydrologic ecosystems with agrochemicals, and the discharge of toxic substances. Around 1950 the road Ciénaga-Barranquilla was constructed, affecting the interface between the Magdalena River and the mangroves and marshes complexes, causing serious variations in the big wetland ecosystem. The hyper-salinization of lagoons and soils provoked the extinction of large mangrove forests and marshes. A project to recuperate the hydrologic equilibrium of the coastal hydrosphere, the socio-economic conditions of local populations and to launch institutional development, has been implemented since 1994. As a result some mangrove ecosystems sites start being recuperated with local participation, and scientific support. Potential areas for economic development are fisheries and small-scale tourism. | |||
| Major ecosystem type | Coastal wetlands with freshwater, brackish and saline components; coral reefs and mangroves | |||
| Major habitats & land cover types | Very dry tropical forest with Bursera simaruba, Libidibia coriaria, Bombacopsis quinata etc.; tropical dry forest characterized by Chlorophora tinctoria, Ficus pinoides, Pithecelobium dulce etc.; mangroves including Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Conocarpus erectus etc; wetlands (ciénagas); sandy bottoms; beaches; coral reefs with Cladophora spp., Caulerpa mexicana, C. prolifera, Codium isthmocladum etc.; agroecosystems; banana and African palm plantations; charcoal production; residential areas. | |||
| Location | 10°44'N; 74°30'W (central point) | |||
| Area (hectares) | ||||
| Total | 493,150 | |||
| Core area(s) | 83,000 (of which marine: 29,000) | |||
| Buffer zone(s) | 140,700 (of which marine: 31,200) | |||
| Transition area(s) when given | 269,450 (of which marine: 44,550) | |||
| Altitude (metres above sea level) | -40 to +100 | |||
| Year designated | 2000 | |||
| Administrative authorities | Consejo Directivo de la reserva de biosfera del CLCGSM. Presidido por la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Magdalena - CORPAMAG | |||
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| Brief description |
Meteorological monitoring Physical and chemical parameters monitoring of water bodies Heavy metal concentration monitoring Contamination of organochlorides Investigations of mangrove and lagoon systems to determine the natural conditions that structure these ecosystems and what effect human activities have on their equilibrium Research on mangrove species such as Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa Ecosystem studies in water bodies Monitoring of biotic variables to see what effect human constructions have on certain areas in the biosphere reserve Characterization of fisheries Study on institutional aspects and the effects of socio-economic changes on the environmental problems of the biosphere reserve |
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| Specific variables... | ||||
| Abiotic | Abiotic factors, contaminants, heavy metals, meteorology, monitoring/methodologies. | |||
| Biodiversity | Ecosystem functioning/Ecosystem structure, lagoon systems, mangrove, methodologies, plants. | |||
| Socio-economic | Fishery/Fisheries, social/socio-economic aspects. | |||
| Integrated monitoring | Impact and risk studies/Environmental impact, institutional and legal aspects. | |||
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| Contact address |
María Danies CORPAMAG Av. del Libertador No. 32 - Barrio Tayrona Santa Marta Colombia |
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| Telephone | (57.5) 421 3089 | |||
| Fax | (57.5) 421 3089 | |||
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mdanies@corpamag.gov.co |
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| Web site | http://www.corpamag.gov.co | |||
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| Last updated: 27/03/2011 |
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