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| Biosphere Reserve Information | ||||
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GULF OF MANNAR |
 © Photo: Gulf of Mannar BR |
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| General Description |
The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 1,050,000 hectares on the south-east coast of India across from Sri Lanka. It is one of the world’s richest regions from a marine biodiversity perspective. The biosphere reserve comprises 21 islands with estuaries, beaches, forests of the nearshore environment, including a marine component with algal communities, sea grasses, coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves. Among the Gulf’s 3,600 plant and animal species are the globally endangered sea cow (Dugong dugon) and six mangrove species endemic to peninsular India. The inhabitants are mainly Marakeyars, local people principally engaged in fisheries. There are about 47 villages along the coastal part of the biosphere reserve which support some 100,000 people (200,000 seasonally as of 2001). The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) has provided support to the establishment of the biosphere reserve, including the setting up and functioning of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust, which is responsible for the coordination of the management plan for the biosphere reserve in concertation with government agencies, private entrepreneurs, and local people’s representatives. Priority is being given to encouraging community-based management. |
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| Major ecosystem type | Islands including coastal/marine component; coral reefs and mangrove | |||
| Major habitats & land cover types | Sea grass beds dominated by Hydrocharitaceae and Potamogetonaceae, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotunda, C. serrulata etc.; coral reefs; mangroves including Rhizophora conjugata, Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa etc. | |||
| Location | 08°47' to 09°15'N; 78°12' to 79°14'E | |||
| Area (hectares) | ||||
| Total | ||||
| Core area(s) | ||||
| Buffer zone(s) | ||||
| Transition area(s) when given | ||||
| Altitude (metres above sea level) | ||||
| Year designated | 2001 | |||
| Administrative authorities | The Chief Conservation of forests (Wild life), and the principal Chief Conservator of forests, Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Chennai | |||
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| Brief description |
Climatological monitoring water quality Effects of coral mining Pollution Environmental impact assessment on biodiversity GIS based monitoring of vegetation Characterization of biodiversity at a molecular level Bioprospecting Monitoring of fisheries Long-term monitoring site for the conservation of flora, fauna and marine microorganisms Assessment of present taxonomic concept of various groups on the regional ecosystem basis Studies on biotic and abiotic stress on biodiversity Enlisting of threatened fauna and flora based on genetic, ecological and economic significance |
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| Specific variables... | ||||
| Abiotic | Climate, hydrology, monitoring/methodologies, pollution, pollutants. | |||
| Biodiversity | Benthos, biodiversity, biogeography, conservation, coral reefs, ecosystem assessment, fauna, flora, genetic resources, methodologies, microorganisms, rare/endangered/threatened species, taxonomy, vegetation studies/plant cover. | |||
| Socio-economic | Bioprospecting, economically important species, fishery/fisheries, mining, monitoring methodologies. | |||
| Integrated monitoring | Geographic Information System/GIS, impact and risk studies/environmental impact, monitoring/methodologies. | |||
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| Contact address |
Ministry of Environment and Forests Paryvaran Bhavan - C.G.O. Complex - Lodhi Road 110 003 New Delhi India |
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| Telephone | (91.11) 436 4593 | |||
| Fax | (91.11) 436 2551 | |||
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pccfwl@vsnl.com |
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n.a. | |||
| Last updated: 9/27/2001 |
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