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Participants
Democracy
and Citizenship
M.
Carlos Arturi (UFRGS/Brésil)
Mr.
Guy Hermet
Director of studies at the Institute of Political Studies
in Paris, and recently appointed to the international chair
at Brussels University, Guy Hermet previously taught at
Lausanne University and at the Institut Universitaire
des Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva. He created
the Instituto de altos estudios para el desarollo
in Bogota and was the vice-president in the NGO Doctors
without borders. Specialised in the issues of the emergence
of civic culture and transitions to democracy, particularly
in Latin America, he has published a number of books in
French, Spanich and other languages (Culture et Développement,
Paris, Presses de Sciences Po/BID, 1999, and Le passage
à la démocratie, Paris, Presses de Sciences
Po, 1996).
During
this workshop open debates will be introduced and led by
Mr Guy Hermet:
A preliminary explanation is necessary concerning relations
between the State, the IGOs and the NGOs in the case of
emerging countries. In these countries, the States have
only recently donned their democratic attire. It is therefore
important that the large international agencies do not use
this immaturity to practise a global governance which would
weaken them even more. The democratisation of the emerging
States has certainly only had limited effects. However,
as the progress of all of them depends much more on their
own resources than on the ever contentious intervention
of external "development promoters", these outside
agents cannot put their States in quarantine by delegating
too many of their attributions to the NGOs or private institutions
which are perceived to be more reliable. On the other hand,
these States have to be brought to fulfil their functions,
and if need be force them to assume their role as the State.
Mrs.
Saras Jagwanth
She
is a senior lecturer in Constitutional and Administrative
law at the University of Cape town. She has a special interest
in the relationship between law and democracy and the way
these can be enhanced in a constitutional state. She has
published in this area and most recently co-edited a volume
on equality law in South Africa and elsewhere.
Presentation:
Democracy, civil society and the
South African Constitution: some challenges (PDF file,
62 KB)
Abstract:
When South Africa adopted its post-apartheid Constitution
in 1996, it was remarkable for both the inclusive and consultative
process by which it was adopted as well as for its content.
The process involved a massive public participation campaign
in which the role of civil society was paramount. In relation
to content, the South African Constitution is manifestly
transformative and declares itself committed to the continued
inclusion of civil society in governance. In the light of
the provisions of the Constitution, this paper looks at
the extent to which civic society meaningfully participates
in structures of governance in post-apartheid South Africa.
In particular it examines this question in the light of
the global shift towards entrenched rights discourse and
the consequent transfer of power to the judiciary to determine
matters of social policy. In doing so it looks at the extent
to which these new institutions of power assist the project
of social democracy and redistributive justice.
Elle
analysera le rôle des citoyennetés dans le
système constitutionnel en Afrique du Sud. Elle partira
des questions de base, telles que: Comment considérer
la citoyenneté en tant que propriété
privée, individuelle et collective d'une société
? La citoyenneté et sa structuration constituent
des vecteurs qui sont souvent à la base de la formation
des agents de la société civile : la reconnaissance
de certains droits qui ne sont pas respectés en tant
que droits universels sert fréquemment de fondement
à la lutte, par exemple, des associations de femmes.
La citoyenneté est affectée par les processus
de globalisation et d'autre part le fractionnement et la
«glocalisation ». De nouvelles formes d’allégeances
citoyennes peuvent donc se constituer selon deux processus
différents : la reconnaissance des identités
complexes et croisées qui ne sont plus les identités
nationales ; et les identités cosmopolites qui ont
la parole. Ces deux types de citoyenneté qui font
référence à des droits humains différents.
Mr.
Ayitégan Godfry Kouevi
Avocat
au Barreau de Marseille (Cabinet BELLAIS) ; auteur d'une
thèse sur les droits des populations autochtones
; expert Indépendant auprès des Nations Unies
sur les questions touchant aux droits des populations autochtones;
a contribué, à ce titre, à la rédaction
de plusieurs ouvrages, notamment : "Operationalizing the
Right of Indigenous peoples to Self determination", Institute
for Human Rights, Abo Akademi University, 2000 (Finland)
; "L'avenir des Peuples Autochtones: Le sort des "Premières
Nations", L'Harmattan, Paris-Montréal, Vol. VII,
2000-2.
Presentation:
Etat et autochtonie : le paradigme
de la citoyenneté (PDF file, 54 KB)
Mr.
Julio Ruiz Murrieta
Former
Secretary General of the Fund for the Development of Indigenous
Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean. In the past
he worked for the European Commission in Brussels dealing
with environmental issues al the world level. He also worked
for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
in Gland, Switzerland, where he was responsible for the
World Programme on Forests. He is native of the the peruvian
Amazon, belonging to the Cocama people, one of the 60 ethnic
groups living in this region. He studied Forestry at the
University of Toronto in Canada, then he made a Master Degree
in International Relations at the Institute of Social Studies
in The Hague and finaly he finished a doctorate in Political
Sciences in the University of La Sorbonne in Paris. His
major fields of expertise are Indigenous peoples, culture
and development, human rigths and democracy and environment
and natural resources. He publised a number of books in
spanish, portuguese, and english.
Presentation:
Pueblos indígenas, participación
política y democracia en America Latina (PDF
file, 45 KB)
Mr.
Jaime Preciado Coronado
Jaime
Preciado is Professor and Researcher at the Department of
Ibero-Latin American Studies at the University of Guadalajara.
E mail: japreco@megared.com.mx
Main research themes: political geography, local governance,
decentralisation, social policies, poverty, geopolitics
in Mexico and Latin America. He is a member of the Scientific
Committee College of the Social Sciences PhD Programme,
and the National Research System. Former director of the
"Centro de Estudios Ibéricos y Latinoamericanos",
and the "División de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad".
Presentation:
Ni globalifílicos ni globalifóbicos,
sino globalicríticos (PDF file, 65 KB)
Abstract:
His intervention will be focusing on the approach to globalization:
the critical one and enthusiastic/a-critical one. From this
perspective he will review the most recent sociological
literature on the subject (Bourdieu, Castel) and try to
answer to some key questions such as how to solve the lack
of ethic within social relations? What are the alternatives
to neoliberal policies and how shall we promote a social
agenda that will allow us to build a sustainable society
on the principles of social justice, solidarity, and equitys.
Urban
Governance
M.
Cabannes, économiste urbaniste, a travaillé
en Asie, Afrique, Pays Arabes et surtout en Amérique
latine, au Brésil et Mexique, avec des organisations
sociales des ongs et des gouvernements locaux dans le domaine
du logement, de l’emploi, de la formation et du micro crédit.
. Il a été directeur de programmes de recherche
urbaine et professeur invité de plusieurs universités.
Depuis 1997, il coordonne le PGU (Habitat) en Amérique
Latine et Caraïbe
Presentation: Que
Planes para la Ciudad Gobernanza, Gestión y Políticas
Urbanas. Respuestas Latino-americanas a los desafíos
colocados por la planificación urbana participativa.
(PDF file, 62 KB)
Abstract:
Les plans d’urbanismes participatifs, nécessaires
pour une gestion démocratique de l’urbain posent
sur les plans opérationnels et conceptuels au moins
cinq défis d’inégale importance.
Le
premier est de concilier une planification à long
terme et stratégique avec les impératifs et
les besoins immédiats qui ne manquent pas d’émerger
avec force lors de processus participatifs. Le second sera
de concilier la planification du quartier où l’on
vit avec la planification de la ville dans son ensemble.
Le troisième défi concerne l’articulation
de la planification locale dans un contexte de globalisation
et d’exclusion. Le quatrième concerne la légitimité
des plans conçus par une petite partie de la population
dont les intérêts sont en plus souvent divergents.
Enfin le passage d’une planification participative à
une gestion urbaine démocratique pose également
plusieurs défis.
Certaines
villes latino américaines répondent de manière
créative à un ou à plusieurs de ces
défis. Leur expérience accumulée, brièvement
présentée, permet de mieux saisir comment
l ‘élaboration de plans d’urbanisme et leur
mise en application peut contribuer à consolider
une gouvernance urbaine démocratique. Les processus
que connaissent ces villes permettent aussi de mesurer comment
les citadins construisent et conquièrent le droit
à la ville, le droit de devenir citoyen.
Mr. Guy Hermet
Mr.
Davinder Lamba
Executive
Director of Mazingira Institute, an NGO founded in 1978
in Kenya. Its voice is for the realization of human dignity
– the essence of universal human rights – of all, rather
than the few and for sustaining ecological integrity. A
human rights activist, engaged in constitutional and governance
reforms in Kenya. Treasurer of Habitat International Coalition
and member of the International Coalition on Human Rights
and Trade and Investment (INCHRITI). He served on the Scientific
Steering Committee of MOST Programme of UNESCO. Contributed
to the "Social sustainability of cities: diversity and management
of change" book (University of Toronto Press, 2000) and
the research project, developed with the support of MOST
Programme.
Presentation:
Post-colonial Municipal Governance: A Time for real Change
Now
Abstract:
This presentation reflects the African situation generally
in the historical and contemporary context. It looks at
the partition of Africa by the European powers during the
imperial or coercive epoch of globalization. Among many
colonial interventions, towns were established as sub-stations
and communication complexes of the imperial system. They
were the first colonial global localities or "glocalities",
such as Nairobi and Windhoek among many others. It was also
the emergence of the ‘town and country’ episode and conflict
which remains unresolved.
Cities
without citizens and citizens without towns is the scene
now. The post-colonial municipal governance thought and
praxis embodies the colonial core. The municipal councils
are the colonies of the state whose institutional frameworks
do not give the citizens and their councils, the power to
govern.
Citizens
must now create a new relationship with the local state
and demand the establishment of mechanisms for democratic
governance and assume the responsibility for it. This is
a human rights obligation of the state and the councils.
Mr.
Enrique Ortiz Flores
Arquitecto
egresado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Dentro de su trayectoria en las ONG y en el sector público
destacan sus responsabilidades como: director de la ONG
mexicana COPEVI (1965-1976); responsable de la formulación
y conducción del primer Programa Nacional de Vivienda
Mexicano (1977-1982); presidente del comité de Acción
sobre Vivienda y Edificaciones de Interés Social
del Sistema Económico Latinoamericano, SELA (1979-1982);
gerente de operación y posteriormente director general
del Fondo Nacional de Habitaciones Populares FONAHPO (1983-1987).
Secretario General de la Coalición Internacional
para el Hábitat (HIC), que agrupa más de 300
organizaciones sociales y no gubernamentales que operan
en el campo del hábitat en 80 países (1988-1998).
Entre 1998 y 2000 fue asesor del Instituto de Vivienda del
Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México). Actualmente
coordina el establecimiento de la oficina para América
Latina de la Coalición Internacional para el Hábitat
(HIC-AL) y sustenta la cátedra "Sergio Chiapa Catto"
en la Unidad Xochimilco de la Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana, que cubre docencia e investigación
en temas de planeación participativa y producción
social del hábitat. Es miembro de la Junta Directiva
de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y del Consejo
Académico del Departamento de Arquitectura, Urbanismo
y Diseño de la Universidad Iberoamericana.
Presentation:
Participación en espacios institucionales y políticas
públicas
Abstract:
Las grandes expectativas sociales abiertas por los primeros
gobiernos elegidos democráticamente en la Ciudad
de México permiten evaluar y dar seguimiento a los
procesos orientados a construir una nueva relación
entre gobierno y sociedad civil organizada. Hoy como nunca
antes se incluyen las palabras participación social,
participación democrática o democracia participativa
en todo discurso político o documento que hable de
gestión pública. Asimismo, no hay organización
scial o no gubernamental que no reclame estos conceptos
en sus propuestas e interacciones con el Estado. Sin embargo,
son pocos aún los actores que orientan su trabajo
a construir espacios, instrumentos, programas y proyectos
que avancen hacia estadios más altos de ejercicio
de la participación -esto es, aquella capaz de incidir
en las decisiones, en la gestión y en el control
mismo de los procesos. La experiencia vivida recientemente
en la Ciudad de México permite constatar que la voluntad
política del Estado y el legítimo reclamo
de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para abrir espacios
más amplios a la participación social en la
gestión de lo público no son suficientes.
Se requiere de instrumentos pertinentes, cambio de mentalidades
en ambos actores, acceso a información completa y
oportuna, capacitación y desarrollo de nuevas destrezas
que contribuyan a dar mayor consistencia a los procesos
conjuntos que se emprendan. Tres casos diferentes en los
que participara el autor en los tres primeros años
de gobierno democrático de la ciudad, ilustran el
peso de estas condicionantes y permiten reflexionar sobre
el potencial transformador de los diversos espacios participativos
y su eficiacia en la confrontación de las tendencias
actuales a la exclusión, la expropiación de
activos y saberes populares, la desarticulación social
y las nuevas formas de dominación que conllevan los
procesos de globalización económica.
Coalición
Internacional para el Hábitat-América Latina
(HIC-AL)
Habitat International Coalition-Latin America Regional Office
(HIC-AL)
Tacuba #53, 1er. Piso - Colonia Centro. 06000 México
D.F. México
Tel: +52 (55) 55121586 y 55126726
Fax: +52 (55) 55123842
E-mail: chm@laneta.apc.org
Web: www.laneta.apc.org/hic-al
Mrs.
Annik Osmont
Annik
OSMONT, social anthropologist: Laboratory of Urban Change,
France. Email address: osmont@msh-paris.fr.
Mrs Osmont is co-director of La recherche urbaine pour
le développement (Urban research for development),
a research programme which the French Ministry for Foreign
Affairs has entrusted to the scientific research group,
GEMDEV (Economie mondiale et développement), France.Her
publications include: La Banque mondiale et les villes
(1995); La "gouvernance", concept mou, politique ferme
(1998), Is small so beautiful? (2000).
Presentation:
Les villes, la gouvernance, la démocratie locale:
Réflexions sur l’expertise
Abstract :
Elle se concentrera sur les effets du processus de mondialisation
sur l’urbanisation autant dans pays du Sud que dans ceux
du Nord tout en essayant de voir comment elle s’accompagne
de l'entrée en scène d'acteurs nouveaux :
investisseurs privés (grandes firmes multinationales...)
et opérateurs privés (grandes sociétés
de services...), disposant de moyens financiers considérables,
auxquels ni les pouvoirs politiques nationaux (gouvernements,
ministères techniques) ni les acteurs "classiques"
de l'urbanisation à l'échelle nationale (services
déconcentrés de l'Etat, grandes entreprises
publiques, opérateurs de services...).
Mr.
Pierre Sané (UNESCO)
Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences
Sous-Directeur général pour les sciences sociales
et humaines
Mr. Paulo Vizentini (UFRGS/Brésil)
Education
and Citizenship
Ms.
Nydia Gonzalez
Nydia
González Rodríguez is a popular educator who,
for more than twenty years, has been working with teachers,
community educators, social movements and NGOs in Cuba and
greater Latin America as a post-graduate professor, instructor
and advisor. She has served as the Coordinator of Adult
Education in Cuba and as a member of the National Council
on Education. In her role as director of the Graciela Bustillos
Collective on Educational Research (CIE), Nydia imparts
community and post-graduate training for trainers in Popular
Education and coordinates Participatory Research and Action
initiatives with over 600 Cuban educators. Her areas of
specialty include popular education, adult education, systematization,
communication and planning, leadership and evaluation for
NGOs. Nydia currently serves as Vice President of the Cuban
Association of Pedagogy (APC) and as the Oversight Trustee
of the Latin American Council on Adult Education (CEAAL).
Presentation:
Transformando
el mundo del aprendizaje a traves de la educación
popular:
"una experiencia desde la sociedad civil en cuba"
(PDF file, 30 KB)
Ms.
B. Jamil
Director
of NGO, Idaara-e-Taaleem-e-Aagahi, Lahore, Pakistan and
Advisor to the Minister of Education, Government of Pakistan,
will make a presentation on "Transforming education
through community based governance: An experience from Pakistan".
Présentation
/ Presentation : Transforming
Education through community based governance: Experiences
from Pakistan (PDF file, 98 KB)
Abstract:
The presentation will address the question: How can communities
and civil society organizations participate more actively
and meaningfully in educational governance, and hence meet
the challenges of creating learning societies towards Education
for All? The presentation will explore current forms and
practices of civil society participation in transforming
contents, processes and systems of education in Pakistan
with a view to promote policy dialogue in a perspective
of renewed citizenship.
Ms.
Mwatumu Malale
Presentation:
Promoting education
and learning through civil societey participation: the tanzanian
experience (PDF file, 40 KB)
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