The main aim of EMA is to observe and predict the changes occurring in the atmosphere and to provide all the meteorological services for different sectors of the state. EMA also aims to exchange data and information with other countries on the regional and international levels according to international rules and commitments provided by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

The ministry's main objective is to provide sufficient and high quality water supply in order to meet the various needs. It is responsible for the management of Egypt's water resources such as the Nile, surface and ground water. It is also responsible for the planning, designing, establishing, maintaining, and managing the Egyptian irrigation and drainage system.