Letter From the Coordinator

Dear colleague,

By the time you receive this Newsletter, the countdown to the year 2000 would have begun in earnest. In many parts of the world, emotions concerning this date range from a sense of anticipation, to excitement, to feelings of foreboding as we await the arrival of the so-called new millennium even if, as purists, astronomers and others point out, the third millennium does not start until 1 January 2001. However, since this dating system is based on the Christian calendar with its cultural and social values, strictly speaking, it is irrelevant for 70% of the world. Next year will be the year 4698 in the Chinese calendar (the year of the Dragon), 5760/61 in the Jewish calendar, 1421 in the Islamic calendar and 1922 (Sakra era) in the Indian calendar. One could even contend that our calendar calculations are also erroneous since next year is not 2000 years after the birth of Christ!

Yet, the hype about this "event" has reached such a pitch that some people are being encouraged to have a "millennium baby"; some will travel great distances to be the "first" to meet the new era; others again are afraid that it heralds the end of the world. Still, whatever ills or blessings the year 2000 will usher in, one thing seems certain, a global computer crisis will occur, even if here too, pundits are divided about its severity and the total impact it will have.

Some have predicted that more than 90 percent of existing computers will be unable to cope with the date change. It has been reported that household appliances will fail to function, banking systems will collapse and all areas of life will be seriously affected, while others believe that most personal computers will have no problems at all with the new date and those that do, can easily be fixed, so therefore the situation is over-exaggerated.

Although 1 January 2000 is presumed to be the decisive day, it is expected that problems will start to occur in 1999 and will continue beyond 2000. Programmers, for example, sometimes used a string of four nines in the date field to denote infinity. Applications would read this as an inexistent date or an "end of process" command to shut down. Since 9 September 1999 can, in some instances, be written as 9999, it might trigger an error in non-compliant computers. If this occurs, it could indicate the potential for date-related errors at the beginning of 2000.

Electronic systems which are not year 2000 compliant or capable (since there is no official international standard for compliance) and involve processes based on dates are expected to shut down, produce incomprehensible and/or misleading data, or revert to some other date which could result in the disruption of sectors of the economy and other essential operations.

What is unpredictable is whether inter-operating systems can and will continue to function. No one can state with any certainty what the consequences will be if a corrected system connects to one that is not. And there will be systems that haven't been corrected since some companies, knowing they can't fix all before the end of the year, have decided on those they have deliberately chosen to let crash.

Nevertheless, despite dire predictions that civilization as we know it will end as a result of the shutdown of the world's economy and the implosion of labour, basic common-sense should prevail. Since most people are aware of the probability of errors in their computer's data, it seems unlikely that suppliers who recently acquired stock would throw it out just because a computer says that the expiry date has passed. Or would an important document be discounted simply because it showed that it was printed 100 years ago?

Basically, direct impact from this problem, also known as Y2K or the millennium bug, will vary from person to person, place to place and organization to organization. The indirect impact though, will be the most damaging since it will usually be randomly generated.

Whatever the extent of the Y2K problem, a number of web sites and other sources of information have been established to provide advice on and help both the general public and corporations cope with potential disaster.

Many United Nations Agencies have compiled useful information on the problem that can be obtained either directly, or from the UNDP Office in developing countries. In addition, most countries have set up a national coordinating body which can be consulted for detailed information. At the individual level, libraries should encourage their community to take certain basic precautions such as keeping paper copies of all important documents and records.

Joie Springer
Information and Informatics Division
e-mail: j.springer@unesco.org

 
 

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