A discussion about UNESCO’s six-year Arid Zone Programme. Many of the world’s deserts were once fertile regions which supported ancient civilizations that have since disappeared. It is important to learn how these civilizations prospered and lived during their time. Through scientific research in the fields of hydrology, ecology and climatology, scientists can determine how deserts can be made productive to help feed the world’s growing population. UNESCO has assembled experts from around the world to devise methods to find water and fertile soil in arid zones to grow vegetation and learn how to use wind and sun to supply power and fuel.