联合国维和电台的影响

作为支持和平建设的全球努力的一部分,联合国在世界各地受冲突影响的地区建立了广播网络,以确保当地居民能够获得可信和可靠的信息。这些电台作为联合国维和特派团的一部分运作,包括南苏丹的Miraya电台、刚果民主共和国的Okapi电台、中非共和国的Guira 调频电台和马里的Mikado多电台。以前在欧洲、亚洲和中东部分地区的和平行动中也有类似的广播电台。

Khassim Diagne (right), Deputy Special Representative for Protection and Operations in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), speaks to Radio Okapi during a visit to Tchabi, following killings in a camp for Internally Diplaced Persons (IDP).
Khassim Diagne (right), Deputy Special Representative for Protection and Operations in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), speaks to Radio Okapi during a visit to Tchabi, following killings in a camp for Internally Diplaced Persons (IDP).

这些广播网络是与大规模和多样化社区沟通的重要方法,特别是在互联网普及率低、人口因冲突和流离失所而流动性大的地方。例如,在南苏丹,一项认知调查显示,83%的人从广播中获取新闻,而只有4%的人定期上网获取信息。

 Miraya Radio, South Sudan, UN Peacekeeping Mission
Miraya Radio, South Sudan, UN Peacekeeping Mission

联合国广播电台提供创新的新闻和时事节目,涵盖对弱势人群非常重要的问题,包括安全和安保、人权问题、赋予妇女和青年权力,以及支持推进政治和和平进程。在危机情况下,包括冲突和自然灾害,他们提供拯救生命的信息。在埃博拉和COVID-19等致命疾病爆发期间尤其如此,他们在广阔的地理区域内以多种语言分享健康信息。在这些时期,他们还通过在学校关闭时播放广播课来帮助儿童持续获得教育。

Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix interviewed in the studio of MIKADO radio during his visit to Mali.
Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix interviewed in the studio of MIKADO radio during his visit to Mali.

这些网络为不同社区和冲突各方之间的互动对话提供了一个宝贵的平台,基本上为那些没有发言权的人提供了一个安全的空间。此外,这些电台还提供公民教育,支持民主进程,包括冲突后选举。

这些电台的工作人员大多是当地居民,他们对政治和安全环境有丰富而深刻的理解,并有能力用当地语言进行交流。这也有助于提高当地的新闻标准,并为这些国内记者、主持人、制片人和广播技术人员提供长期的职业发展机会,他们在维和人员离开后还在不断进取。在大多数情况下,他们为无线电广播业的未来设定了步伐。

Hirondelle基金会和日内瓦安全政策中心(GCSP)与联合国密切协商,启动了一个包容性进程,以收集关于联合国维持和平行动电台过渡的经验教训和最佳做法。

The Gender Unit in the Beni field office of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) is collaborating with the Public Information Division to host a radio debate with a group of women on the MONUSCO Radio, ‘Radio Okapi’. The theme of the debate is the contribution women is making to improve the security situation in Beni and its surroundings.
The Gender Unit in the Beni field office of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) is collaborating with the Public Information Division to host a radio debate with a group of women on the MONUSCO Radio, ‘Radio Okapi’. The theme of the debate is the contribution women is making to improve the security situation in Beni and its surroundings.

The stations are largely staffed by members of the local population who provide a rich and deep understanding of the political and security context as well as an ability to communicate in local languages. This also helps raise local journalism standards and provides opportunities for long-term career development for these in-country reporters, presenters, producers, and broadcast technicians who forge ahead long after peacekeepers have left. In most cases, they set the pace regarding the future of radio broadcasting industries.

Fondation Hirondelle and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), in close consultation with the United Nations, have initiated an inclusive process for gathering lessons learned and best practices on the transition of UN Peacekeeping Operations’ radio stations.